Valuing the cultural services from urban blue-space ecosystems in Japanese megacities during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic is an outstanding global threat for both human health and well-being. Under the pandemic, green spaces are known to mitigate the physical/mental stress of urban people. However, it remains unclarified how blue spaces such as coastal and river areas play a role in healing urban people's health and well-being during the pandemic. Here, conducting an online-based survey in Japanese megacities, with 5756 responses received from residents of Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka and Kobe, we examined the effects of personal characteristics of city residents on their visitation frequencies to blue spaces during and after the emergency periods, and compared visitation purposes and motivation between the coastal and river areas. Cumulative linear modelling revealed that people with more nature experiences in childhood and higher satisfaction of neighbourhood coasts and rivers visited urban blue spaces more frequently. In addition, those who lived with pre-school and primary school children also visited urban blue spaces more frequently than those without, likely for letting them play in blue spaces. These people primarily visited them to decrease their stress and to maintain their health by contacting with nature while keeping social distance to avoid being infected. Moreover, the visitation purpose and motivation partly differed between the coastal and river areas, which could be explained by the accessibility to and perception of blue spaces for urban people. The present study implies that, as well as green spaces, blue spaces provided places that people in urban areas could use to mitigate their stress and disorder during the pandemic. Our findings underpin the necessity of preserving both of them in urban planning for further benefits relating to health and well-being. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Erythema nodosum-like eruption in coronavirus disease 2019: A case report and literature review of Asian countries.

In the worldwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, skin manifestations were seen in COVID-19 patients. We report a case in which a COVID-19 patient developed cutaneous lesions that were diagnosed as erythema nodosum-like lesions, which were associated with COVID-19. Nasopharyngeal swab polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Histopathologically, extensive inflammation was seen from the epidermis to the fat tissue. An organized thrombus and disrupted inner elastic lamina were seen in an intradermal vessel. These findings suggest septal panniculitis with cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa. The results of PCR using the specimen of skin lesion was negative. The patient took non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the skin lesion improved in 3 weeks. To characterize the skin eruption, we reviewed previous reports on COVID-19 (confirmed by the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection) from Asian countries. The type of eruption and timing of its appearance in this case seemed rare. Differences in skin manifestations between Western and Asian countries were noted.